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THE ROMAN CHURCH - ST BENEDICT AND GREGORY THE GREAT | ||||||
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About the year 500 a young man named benedict left his comfortable home in
central Italy and travelled to Rome. His parents, who were weathy Christians,
had sent him to finish his education and prepare to work in government service. g6n12nf Benedict was a deeply religious young man. He was shocked by the lawless and
sinful behaviour of many Romans. So he have up his studies, left the city and
travelled eastwards to the hills. There, on the mountain of Subiaco, he found
a cave and lived alone as a hermit. To Benedict it seemed the best way of getting
closer to God and living a truly Christian life. St Benedict’s idea of a monastery was a place where ordinary men would
want to come and lead a Christian life, praying and working together. He ordered
that the monks’ clothes, although plain, should be warm and comfortable.
They were to have a good eight hours of sleep, and two daily meals of simple
but nourishing food. Gregory ‘the Great’ In Benedict’s lifetime the Rule was only followed in monastiries he set up himself. It later became famous mainly through the efforts of a pope-Gregory I, called ‘the Great’.He was only in his early thirties when he was chosen Prefect of Rome, the highest position in the government of the city. It was a time of great hardship for the people. Italy was again being invaded by barbarians-the fierce Lombards a‘Longbeards’i who came from north Germany. Pouring through the Alps, they quickly overran most of northern Italy apart of this area is still called Lombardy todayi. Seeing all the misery and destruction around him, Gregory felt sure the world was coming to an end. He wrote: Beaten down by so many blows, the ancient kingdom aRomei has fallen from its glory and shows us now another kingdom aHeaveni , which is coming, which is already near. After only a year as Prefect, Gregory decided to give up his position and devote his life to serving God. His father had just died, leaving a large fortune. Gregory gave some to charity and used the rest to set up six monastiries in Sicily. His own house in Rome was turned into a seventh, and there Gregory became a monk. Not long afterwards some monks from Monte Cassino arrived in Rome and it was probably from these monks that Gregory first learned about the Rule of St Benedict. It was a great inspiration to him and he put it into practice in his own monastery. Later h4e wrote about Benedict’s life and work, making it known ti Christians in many countries. ‘ The first of the great popes ‘ The most important part of Gregory’s life begane in 590, a year of floods and plague, when he was chosen to be Pope. By then he was in poor health. Yet right up to his death, in 604, he worked tirelessly to strengthen the organisation of the Church and to unite Christians in many lands. He kept in close contact with bishops and clergy, and wrote a special handbook called The Pastoral Rule, which told them how to carry out their duties.Abouve all, Gregory worked to spread the faith among heathens athose who were not Christiani. Missionaries sent by Gregory converted the barbarian king of Spain, and most of the King’s subjects soon became Christians. Gregory also sent aband of monks to convert the English. The Church was only part of Gregory’s concern. He also felt responsible for the poor and plague- stricken people of Rome. In a time of invasion, plague and famine, the organisation of the Roman Church might easily have collapsed, just like the Roman Empire, had it not been for Gregory’s work. He has been rightly called ‘the first of the great popes’. HEATHENS BECOME CHRISTIANS
Christianity first came to Britain when the country was part of the Roman Empire.
But the English invaders were heathens, so Christian workship died out wherever
they settled. The English wore charms to keep away evil spirits, and they believed
gigants, dragons and other monasters lived in the lonely moors, woods and swamps.
They worshipped nature gods and made sacrifices to them. AUGUSTINE’S MISSION When he beacame Pope, Gregory decided to send missionaries to convert the English. He gathered a party of forty monks from his own monastery in Rome. Under their leader, Augustine, they landed om the Isle of Thanet in Kent, in 597. The king if Kent, Ethelbert, had a Christian wife called Bertha. She was a princess from the kingdom of the Franks (now France) wich had been converted 100 years befor. Ethelbert himself was still heathen.Before the year was out, Eyhelberg had been baptised a Christian, and so had thousands of his people. Soon more converts were gained in the neighbouring kingdoms. It was an encouraging start. Gregory made Augustine Archbishop of Canterbury and sent him instruction on how to organise the English Church. He advised Augustine not to destroy the heathen temples but to change them into churches, replacing the idols with altars. Gregory also suggested turning the heathen sacrifices into regular Christian festivals. Christmas therefore replaced the winter feast of Yule, and Easter is still named after a Saxon spring goddes, Eostre. Soon after wards there was a return to heathen ways in many parts of southeastern England. The northern English were soon brought back to Christianity, but not by the Roman missionaries. CHRISTIANS FROM IRELAND Right throught the years of Anglo-Saxon settlement, the Christian faith had
been kept alive in the unconquered western parts of Britain. Ireland in particular
became a stronghold of Christianity throught the efforts of St Patrick, a Briton
who became a monk in Gaul. THE SYNOD AT WHITBY Christianity, therefore, came to the English by two different routes. Rroman
missionaries converted many peoplke in the South, bringing rhem into the Roman
Catholic aor universali Church. ‘Celtic’ Christians led the conversion
of the North and Midlands from Iona the land of the heathenPicts. |
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